The life and legacy of Umar ibn al-Khattab extend far beyond the dates and events that mark his time as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. Revered by many, Umar’s contributions to Islam and his pivotal role in early Islamic history have left an indelible mark. For young and middle-income Muslim women eager to explore their faith and history, understanding Umar’s life can be an inspiring and enlightening journey.
Hazrat Umar Farooq birth Islamic date
Umar was born around 582 or 583 CE in Mecca, into the Banu Adi clan. This clan was responsible for arbitration among the tribes, a role that required wisdom and fairness traits Umar would later become renowned for. His father, Khattab ibn Nufayl, was a merchant known for his intelligence, while his mother, Hantama bint Hisham, hailed from the tribe of Banu Makhzum.
Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) shahadat islamic Date
On 26 Dhu al-Hijjah 23 AH (c. 6 November 644 CE), Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) was fatally stabbed while leading Fajr prayers by a Persian slave named Abu Lu’lu’a. Despite his injuries, he continued to lead the prayers, showcasing his unwavering faith and dedication to his duties.
Frist Muharram: Yaum-e-Shahadat of Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA)
In 644 AD, while offering prayers in the mosque, Hazrat Umar (RA) was fatally stabbed by a Persian slave. He passed away on the 26th of Dhul Hijjah, 23 AH, at the age of sixty-three.
A Youth of Learning and Discipline
He developed a love for poetry and literature, which he carried throughout his life. In addition to his intellectual pursuits, Umar was trained in martial arts, horse riding, and wrestling, making him a physically powerful and skilled individual.
An Unsuccessful Merchant
Like many of his contemporaries, Umar became a merchant and traveled extensively to regions like Rome and Persia. Despite his travels and exposure to various cultures and scholars, he was not particularly successful in his mercantile endeavors. However, these experiences broadened his worldview and prepared him for his future roles in leadership and governance.
A Fierce Opponent of Islam
When Prophet Muhammad began preaching Islam in 610 CE, Umar was a staunch opponent. He saw the new faith as a threat to the unity of the Quraysh tribe and was adamant about defending the traditional polytheistic religion of Arabia. His opposition was so intense that he even contemplated assassinating Muhammad.
The Turning Point
The turning point in Umar’s life came unexpectedly. One day, while on his way to confront Muhammad, he learned that his sister and brother-in-law had converted to Islam. Enraged, he went to their house, only to end up reading verses from the Quran that left him profoundly moved. Realizing the truth of Islam, Umar declared his faith and became one of its most ardent supporters.
The Power of Faith
Following his conversion, Umar openly practiced Islam, even daring to pray at the Kaaba despite opposition from the Quraysh chiefs. His conversion was a significant boost for the Muslim community, providing them with newfound confidence and strength.
The Reign of Umar ibn al-Khattab
Becoming the Second Caliph
After Prophet Muhammad’s death in 632 CE, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, the first caliph. He served as Abu Bakr’s closest advisor until 634 CE when Abu Bakr, on his deathbed, nominated Umar as his successor. Umar’s reign as the second caliph began on August 23, 634 CE.
Expansion of the Caliphate
Under Umar’s leadership, the Islamic Caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate. His military campaigns led to the conquest of the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. Notably, Umar’s forces conquered Persia within just two years (642–644 CE), marking a significant milestone in Islamic history.
A Just Ruler
Umar’s reign is remembered for its emphasis on justice, fairness, and compassion. He established administrative and governance structures that ensured accountability and transparency. His commitment to social justice and welfare earned him the title of “Al-Fārūq,” meaning “the one who distinguishes between right and wrong.”
Assassination and Legacy
The Martyrdom of Umar
Tragically, Umar’s life was cut short in 644 CE when he was assassinated by a Persian slave named Abu Lu’lu’a Firuz. Despite his untimely death, Umar’s legacy continued to shape the course of Islamic history.
Revered and Remembered
Umar is revered in Sunni Islam as one of the greatest caliphs and a paragon of Islamic virtues. His contributions to the expansion and consolidation of the Islamic state are celebrated, and his governance principles continue to inspire leaders worldwide.
Controversial Figure
While Umar is celebrated in Sunni tradition, he is viewed negatively in Twelver Shia tradition. This divergence in perspectives highlights the complex and multifaceted nature of his legacy.
FAQs
When was Hazrat Umar Farooq born?
Hazrat Umar Farooq was born around 582 or 583 CE in Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia.
Curious about history? How old was Hazrat Umar (RA) when he passed away?
In 644 AD, Hazrat Umar (RA) was stabbed by a Persian slave while offering prayers in the mosque. He passed away at the age of sixty-three on 26th Dhul Hijjah, 23 AH.
Why is Hazrat Umar called Farooq?
Hazrat Umar was an expert jurist known for his justice for both Muslims and non-Muslims, earning him the title ‘Al-Farooq’ (the one who distinguishes between right and wrong).
What was the character of Hazrat Umar?
Hazrat Umar (RA) shines brightly as one of the Righteous Caliphs, revered for his wisdom and leadership.. He was characterized by his courage, bravery, understanding of matters, and leadership skills. Upon taking on the role of Khilafah, he established a robust and centralized government.
Was Hazrat Umar married?
Yes, Hazrat Umar was married to Atiqa bint Zayd.
How many years did Hazrat Umar rule?
Hazrat Umar ruled for ten years, from 634 CE when he became the Caliph, until his death in 644 CE.
How tall was Hazrat Umar (RA)?
Tradition says that Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) could be seen from a distance in crowds. When he mounted an Arabic horse, his feet almost touched the ground, which estimates that he was close to seven feet tall.
Conclusion
Umar ibn al-Khattab’s life is a testament to the power of faith, leadership, and justice. His transformation from a fierce opponent of Islam to one of its greatest champions is a story of courage and conviction. For young women exploring their faith and history, Umar’s legacy offers valuable lessons in resilience, leadership, and the importance of standing up for what is right.